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Nicotine dependence can develop quickly, leading to cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite negative consequences such as cardiovascular disease, lung damage, and reduced overall health
'Thus, effective regulations and measures to prevent youth initiation are crucial in harnessing the potential harm-reduction benefits of e-cigarettes.' A 2023 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), for example, found that about 2.1 million children currently use e-cigarettes
More specifically, plastic waste provides an ideal environment for the colonization of various pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Escherichia coli , in MPs biofilms 175