It functions by targeting the innate repair receptor (IRR), which helps to reduce inflammation and stimulate tissue repair
In animal models, intranasal administration of GHK-Cu improved cognitive functions, reduced amyloid plaques, and decreased inflammation in the brain, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimers disease and age-related cognitive decline 10
Gray matter volume reduction in the chronic fatigue syndrome
A 2025 systematic review by Vasireddi and colleagues in HSS Journal screened 544 published papers and identified 36 meeting inclusion criteria 35 preclinical studies and only one human study: an uncontrolled, unblinded, retrospective case series of 12 patients receiving intra-articular BPC-157 for chronic knee pain, in which 7 of 12 (58%) reported self-described relief lasting more than 6 months, with no dose, effect size, or systematically collected adverse events published