[1] [10] The levels are: Symptom/situational problems: e.g., motivational interviewing, behavior therapy, exposure therapy Current maladaptive cognitions: e.g., Adlerian therapy, cognitive therapy, rational emotive therapy Current interpersonal conflicts: e.g., Sullivanian therapy, interpersonal therapy Family/systems conflicts: e.g., strategic therapy, Bowenian therapy, structural family therapy Long-term intrapersonal conflicts: e.g., psychoanalytic therapies, existential therapy, Gestalt therapy In one empirical study of psychotherapy discontinuation published in 1999, measures of levels of change did not predict premature discontinuation of therapy
And so cheap
I used to smoke the original Flying Dutchman 45 years ago in college
"Dough & dogs: Why it's bad and what you can do," Lisa Goldstein (7/2024), Preventive Vet, 18